HTML Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is HTML?

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. HTML defines the structure and layout of a web document by using a variety of tags and attributes to describe the content.

2. What are the new features introduced in HTML 5 compared to HTML 4?

HTML 5 introduces various new features and improvements to create a powerful UI.

New semantic elements are introduced to write easier code such as
etc.
Native support for audio and video playback without plugins.
Form enhancements including new input types
and validation attributes.
Canvas and SVG for drawing graphics and animations.
Application Cache and Local Storage.
Support for geolocation services.
Better accessibility features and support

3. What are the different types of HTML elements?

HTML elements can be classified into two main types:

Block-level elements: These elements typically start on a new line and occupy the full width available to them. Examples include <div>, <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <ul>, <li>, etc.
Inline elements: These elements do not start on a new line and only occupy the width necessary for their content. Examples include <span>, <a>, <img>, <strong>, <em>, etc.

4. What is the difference between block-level and inline elements in HTML?

Block-level elements start on a new line and occupy the full width available, while inline elements do not start on a new line and only occupy the width necessary for their content.

5. What is the purpose of the <!DOCTYPE> declaration?

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration specifies the document type and version of HTML being used. It helps web browsers to render the web page correctly by switching to standards mode.

6. What is the role of semantic elements in HTML5?

Semantic elements in HTML5 provide meaning to the content they wrap, making it easier for search engines, screen readers, and developers to understand the structure and purpose of the content.

7. What are meta tags? Name some commonly used meta tags.

Meta tags provide metadata about the HTML document. Some commonly used meta tags include:>

<meta charset="UTF-8"> to specify the character encoding.
<meta name="description" content="…"> to provide a brief description of the page.
<meta name="keywords" content="…"> to specify keywords related to the page content.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> to control the viewport behavior on mobile devices.

8. Explain the difference between <div> and <span> elements.

<div> is a block-level element used to group and style content, while <span> is an inline element used for styling specific portions of text within a block-level element.

9. What are HTML entities? Give some Examples.

HTML entities are special characters represented by their entity name or entity number. Examples include < for <, > for >, & for &,   for a non-breaking space, etc.

10. How do you include CSS and JavaScript in an HTML document?

CSS can be included in HTML documents using the <link> tag in the <head> section or the <style> tag. JavaScript can be included using the <script> tag in the <head> or <body> section.

11. What is the purpose of the alt attribute in <img> elements?

The alt attribute in <img> elements specifies alternative text to be displayed if the image cannot be loaded or for accessibility purposes, such as screen readers.

12. What are the different types of lists in HTML? How do you create them?

HTML supports three types of lists: ordered lists (<ol>), unordered lists (<ul>), and definition lists (<dl>). Items in ordered and unordered lists are defined using <li> tags.

13. What is the purpose of the href attribute in <a> elements?

The href attribute in <a> elements specifies the URL of the linked page or resource.

14. Explain the difference between GET and POST methods in HTML forms.

The GET method sends form data as part of the URL query string, visible in the browser's address bar. The POST method sends form data in the request body, making it more secure and suitable for sensitive data.

15. What is the purpose of the <table> element in HTML? How do you create a table?

The <table> element is used to create tables in HTML. Tables consist of rows (<tr>) and columns (<td> for data cells or <th> for header cells).

16. What is the difference between <header>, <footer>, <section>, and <article> in HTML5?

<header> represents introductory content or a group of navigation links. <footer> represents a footer for its nearest sectioning content or sectioning root. <section> represents a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading. <article> represents an independent piece of content that can be reused or syndicated.

17. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?

Hyperlinks are created using the <a> (anchor) element with the href attribute specifying the destination URL.

18. What are HTML forms? Name some commonly used form elements.

HTML forms are used to collect user input. Commonly used form elements include <input>, <textarea>, <select>, <button>, etc.

19. Explain the difference between <strong> and <b>, and <em> and <i> in HTML.

<strong> and <em> are used to convey semantic emphasis, whereas <b> and <i> are used for styling purposes.

<strong> and <em> are typically rendered as bold and italic by default, respectively, but their styling can be customized using CSS.

20. How do you create a comment in HTML?

HTML comments are created using <!– –>. Anything between <!– and –> is treated as a comment and not displayed in the browser.

21. Why is doctype declaration important in HTML?

The declaration helps the browser render the page correctly with details of the document type and HTML version being used.

22.Explain the difference between block and inline elements.

Block elements start on a new line (

,
) by taking up the full width available. Inline elements only take up the necessary space and don’t start on a new line ().

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HTML Interview Questions and Answers